Question 1

Based on the diagram, which type of hormone is most likely to bind to a receptor located on the plasma membrane rather than inside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic hormone

Question 2

A hydrophobic molecule, as shown in the diagram, can cross the phospholipid bilayer and bind to receptors in which cellular locations?

Accepted Answer

In the cytosol or nucleus

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for hydrophilic hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to receptors embedded in the plasma membrane, activating second messenger pathways.

Question 4

If a hormone is hydrophobic, which of the following statements is TRUE regarding its transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

It is transported bound to plasma proteins.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the calculation of hormone half-life?

Accepted Answer

$$t_{1/2} = \frac{0.693}{k}$$

Question 6

A patient with hypothyroidism is found to have elevated TSH levels. Based on endocrine feedback mechanisms, what would you predict about their T3 and T4 levels?

Accepted Answer

Decreased

Question 7

Which hormone is most likely to act as a 'middle manager' by controlling the secretion of other hormones?

Accepted Answer

Tropic hormone

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a primary organ of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a stimulus for hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

A sensory stimulus from one of the senses

Question 10

A newly discovered hormone X is structurally similar to cholesterol. Which statement is correct regarding its receptor binding?

Accepted Answer

It can bind to intracellular receptors.

Question 11

Which hormone stimulates uterine smooth muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for increasing protein synthesis and promoting growth?

Accepted Answer

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)

Question 13

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is characterized by abnormally increased secretion of ADH. What is a likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Increase in the amount of water in the body

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an effect of cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a pro-inflammatory agent

Question 15

Which hormone acts as a synergist with the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 16

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts, increasing intestinal absorption, and increasing renal reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 17

The target cells of aldosterone are primarily located in which organ?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Question 18

A pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes large amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine. The effects of this tumor will resemble:

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic stimulation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of mineralocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of sodium and potassium concentrations

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a feedback loop in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

Increased T3/T4 inhibits TSH secretion

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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