Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the effects of the endocrine system are generally longer-lasting than those of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine hormones are released into the bloodstream and can persist until inactivated or removed.

Question 2

A patient is given a drug that blocks adenylate cyclase activity in target cells. Which hormone’s action would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the cAMP second messenger system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone → G protein → Adenylate cyclase → ATP → cAMP → Kinase activation

Question 4

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase blood calcium concentration?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

A patient with a diet severely lacking in iodine would most likely develop which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Goiter and decreased thyroid hormone production

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

It reduces hormone secretion when the desired effect is achieved.

Question 7

Which hormone is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone; increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 8

A patient with elevated blood glucose, increased urination, and nerve problems is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Question 9

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

Which hormone is released by the pineal gland and what is one of its primary functions?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin; regulation of circadian rhythms

Question 11

A patient has high levels of somatomedins in their blood. Which pituitary hormone is likely also elevated?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of aldosterone on kidney function?

Accepted Answer

It increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.

Question 13

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone?

Accepted Answer

Activation of osteoclast activity

Question 15

Which hormone is secreted in response to increased blood solute concentration and acts to conserve body water?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why thyroid hormone effects are not immediately lost after thyroid gland removal?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones are stored bound to plasma proteins, creating a reserve in the blood.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of hormone and its primary target?

Accepted Answer

FSH – Gonads (ovaries/testes)

Question 18

Which hormone is secreted by beta cells of the pancreas and what is its main effect?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; decreases blood glucose

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of glucocorticoids on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Increase blood glucose by stimulating gluconeogenesis

Question 20

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla and what is its primary effect during stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine; increases heart rate and energy availability

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions