Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference in the mode of transport between the nervous and endocrine systems?

Accepted Answer

Nervous system uses axons, while the endocrine system uses the bloodstream.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of increased metabolic rate, weight loss, and heat intolerance. Laboratory tests reveal elevated levels of T3 and T4. Which disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 3

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood calcium levels and acts to decrease blood calcium concentration?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of lipid-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They require transport proteins in the blood and bind to intracellular receptors.

Question 5

A person with a chronic shortage of glucocorticoids, weight loss, fatigue, and skin darkening is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Addison disease

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water-soluble hormones require second messengers?

Accepted Answer

They cannot cross the plasma membrane and must bind to membrane receptors.

Question 7

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and functions to decrease urine output, thereby increasing blood volume and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

A patient with a deficiency in dietary iodine is at risk for developing which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Goiter

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin decreases blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and storage.

Question 10

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of humoral control of hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Release of insulin in response to increased blood glucose

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and helps regulate circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 13

A patient with excessive growth hormone production in adulthood develops which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to intracellular receptors and alter gene expression.

Question 15

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is involved in the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Increase blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 18

A patient with chronically elevated blood glucose, obesity, and hypertension is most likely suffering from which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cushing syndrome

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of up-regulation of hormone receptors?

Accepted Answer

Increases sensitivity to the hormone

Question 20

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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