Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

The anterior lobe is composed of glandular epithelial tissue and produces hormones, while the posterior lobe is neural tissue that stores and releases hormones made in the hypothalamus.

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormally high blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely under-secreted, and what is its primary target?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; targets bone and kidneys

Question 3

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose levels, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct pairing of hormone and its function?

Accepted Answer

FSH – promotes development of oocytes in females

Question 5

A patient is experiencing dehydration and low blood pressure. Which hormone would most likely be released to correct this, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); decreases urine production and constricts peripheral blood vessels

Question 6

Which hormone is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone; increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the role of the hypophyseal portal system?

Accepted Answer

It transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

Question 8

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 9

A patient with a tumor destroying their pancreatic beta cells would most likely develop which condition, and why?

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia, due to lack of insulin production

Question 10

Which hormone is produced by C thyrocytes (parafollicular cells) of the thyroid gland, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; decreases blood calcium levels

Question 11

Which hormone is released from the adrenal medulla and what is its primary effect during a 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine; increases heart rate and blood glucose

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 13

A patient has low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Which of the following symptoms would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood calcium levels

Question 14

Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of growth hormone (GH) on the body?

Accepted Answer

Promotes protein synthesis and cellular growth in bone and muscle

Question 16

Which hormone is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; raises blood glucose levels

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of sperm in males and oocytes in females?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 18

Which hormone is produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol; increases glucose synthesis and suppresses the immune response

Question 19

Which hormone is released in response to neural stimuli and what is an example of this type of regulation?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine; released from the adrenal medulla in response to sympathetic nervous system activation

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation

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