Q: Which of the following is a correct sequence of hormone release in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

$$\text{TRH} \rightarrow \text{TSH} \rightarrow \text{T}_3, \text{T}_4$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

By releasing regulatory hormones into the hypophyseal portal system

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive thirst and urination. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 3

Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus but released from the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin (OXT)

Question 4

A patient with a tumor in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Moon face and central obesity due to increased cortisol

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why iodine deficiency can lead to goiter formation?

Accepted Answer

Iodine deficiency decreases T3 and T4, leading to increased TSH and thyroid gland enlargement

Question 6

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

A patient with hypersecretion of growth hormone after closure of the epiphyseal plates will most likely develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 8

Which of the following is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates milk production?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and acts to increase blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 10

A patient with Addison’s disease is likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpigmentation and profound weakness

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback regulation of thyroid hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

High T3 and T4 levels inhibit TRH and TSH secretion

Question 12

Which hormone is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and is primarily responsible for sodium retention in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 13

A patient with a benign tumor in the adrenal medulla is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and blood pressure

Question 14

Which of the following hormones is a glycoprotein produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 15

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary in response to increased blood osmotic pressure and acts to conserve body water?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Promotes glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis

Question 17

A patient with cretinism is most likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Disproportionate short stature and mental retardation

Question 18

Which hormone is produced by parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland and lowers blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of hormone release in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TRH} ightarrow 	ext{TSH} ightarrow 	ext{T}_3, 	ext{T}_4$$

Question 20

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) from the liver, which are essential for bone and tissue growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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