Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between water-soluble and lipid-soluble hormones in terms of their mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble hormones act on plasma membrane receptors and use second messengers, while lipid-soluble hormones act on intracellular receptors to directly activate genes.

Question 2

A patient presents with high blood glucose, hypertension, and a 'buffalo hump' of fat on the upper back. Which hormone is most likely being hypersecreted?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 4

A child is diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a humoral stimulus for hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Low blood calcium levels stimulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) release

Question 6

Which hormone is produced by the parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid and acts as an antagonist to parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 7

A patient with an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells will most likely develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the concept of 'down-regulation' in hormone signaling?

Accepted Answer

Target cells lose receptors in response to high hormone levels.

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to high solute concentration in the blood and acts to conserve water?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

Which of the following is a primary effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts

Question 11

Which hormone is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response by increasing blood glucose and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 12

A patient with low metabolic rate, weight gain, and cold intolerance is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Myxedema (hypothyroidism)

Question 13

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback regulation of thyroid hormone (TH) secretion?

Accepted Answer

Rising TH levels inhibit the release of TSH and TRH.

Question 15

Which hormone is secreted in response to stress and is responsible for gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones are synthesized from tyrosine and iodine.

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating gamete (egg or sperm) production?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 18

A patient with tetany, respiratory paralysis, and death after neck surgery most likely suffered damage to which gland?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and helps regulate sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on aldosterone secretion?

Accepted Answer

ANP blocks renin and aldosterone secretion to decrease blood pressure.

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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