Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

The anterior lobe produces and secretes its own hormones, while the posterior lobe stores and releases hormones made in the hypothalamus.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of dehydration and excessive urination. Laboratory tests reveal a deficiency in a hormone produced by the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a humoral stimulus for hormone release?

Accepted Answer

A decline in blood calcium levels triggering the parathyroid glands to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 5

A patient with a pituitary tumor is experiencing excessive milk production despite not being pregnant. Which hormone is most likely being overproduced?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why a single hormone can have different effects on different target cells?

Accepted Answer

Target cells have different receptors and intracellular signaling pathways.

Question 7

Which hormone is produced by somatotropic cells and stimulates growth of bones and muscles?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 8

A patient with low blood calcium is found to have underactive parathyroid glands. Which feedback mechanism is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop involving humoral stimulus

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a pure endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 10

Which hormone is released in response to neural stimulation from sympathetic nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of releasing hormones from the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

They prompt the anterior pituitary to release its hormones.

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the adrenal cortex to help the body cope with stress?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with gigantism due to excessive hormone secretion during childhood. Which hormone is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 14

Which hormone is produced by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and is involved in uterine contraction during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 15

Which of the following is a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 16

Which hormone acts directly on nonendocrine target tissues to suppress appetite in humans?

Accepted Answer

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the hypophyseal portal system?

Accepted Answer

Two capillary plexuses connected by veins, allowing hypothalamic hormones to reach the anterior pituitary

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating ovarian follicle development in females and sperm production in males?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 19

A patient with syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) would most likely present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Water retention and hyponatremia

Question 20

Which of the following organs contains only some endocrine cells, rather than being a pure endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

Kidney

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation

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