Question 1

Which of the following cells in the thyroid gland are responsible for secreting calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

Parafollicular cells

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of nervousness, weight loss, and rapid heart rate. Laboratory tests reveal elevated thyroid hormone levels. Which disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Graves’ disease

Question 3

Which hormone is secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and is primarily involved in regulating blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts

Question 5

A patient with a pituitary tumor is found to have excess glucocorticoid hormones. Which syndrome is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 6

Which hormone is secreted by pancreatic beta (β) cells and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; lowers blood glucose

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of hormone release in response to long-term stress?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus releases CRH → Anterior pituitary releases ACTH → Adrenal cortex releases glucocorticoids

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin; regulates circadian rhythms

Question 9

A patient with an enlarged thyroid gland and low metabolic rate is found to have a dietary deficiency. Which nutrient is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the adrenal medulla in the stress response?

Accepted Answer

Secretes catecholamines to enhance the fight-or-flight response

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by the heart and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); decreases blood volume and pressure

Question 12

A child presents with short stature, a thick tongue, and mental retardation. Which endocrine disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Cretinism

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of thymic hormones?

Accepted Answer

Stimulate the transformation of lymphocytes into T cells

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys and stimulates red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of glucocorticoids during prolonged stress?

Accepted Answer

Promote protein and fat breakdown for energy

Question 16

A patient with Addison’s disease would most likely have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Deficiencies of both mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of pancreatic cell type and hormone secreted?

Accepted Answer

Delta cell – somatostatin

Question 18

Which hormone is primarily responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of androgens secreted by the testes?

Accepted Answer

Promote the formation of sperm and maintain secondary sex characteristics

Question 20

A patient with diabetes insipidus is most likely to have a deficiency in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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