Question 1

Which gland is depicted in the first image, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland; regulates metabolic rate through secretion of T3 and T4

Question 2

The second image shows small yellowish glands embedded in another gland. What are these glands and what hormone do they secrete?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid glands; secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 3

Based on the third image, which hormone is released in response to rising blood calcium levels, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; stimulates calcium salt deposit in bone

Question 4

Referencing the fourth image, what is the primary effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into cells

Question 5

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas, and what is its main function as shown in the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown

Question 6

The fifth image shows the location of the adrenal glands. Which hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 7

In the sixth image, which part of the adrenal gland is responsible for secreting mineralocorticoids, and what is their main function?

Accepted Answer

Cortex; regulates sodium and potassium balance

Question 8

A patient presents with symptoms of exophthalmos, weight loss, and heat intolerance. Which endocrine disorder is most likely, and which hormone is elevated?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease); high T3/T4

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels, and what is one of its effects?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates bone resorption to release calcium

Question 10

A tumor in the adrenal cortex causes excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids. What electrolyte imbalance is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia and hyponatremia

Question 11

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to release its hormones, and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

TSH; produced by the anterior pituitary

Question 12

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and causes the kidneys to retain water?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 13

A patient with myxedema is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Facial bloating, cold intolerance, and lethargy

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the maturation and release of eggs from the ovary?

Accepted Answer

FSH and LH

Question 15

Which hormone is rapidly broken down by the liver and must be secreted constantly to regulate blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 16

Which hormone inhibits the secretion of both insulin and glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Somatostatin

Question 17

Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex in response to stress and increases blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for the 'let down' of milk from the breast during lactation?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 19

Which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting male growth and masculinization?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which glucose enters most body cells?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion via carrier proteins, regulated by insulin

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation A&P 202 CH 17

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