Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones into the blood, while exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that empty onto surfaces or into cavities.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive thirst and urination. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 3

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating the breakdown of bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the mechanism of action of a nonsteroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Hormone binds to membrane receptor → activates G protein → increases cAMP → activates enzymes

Question 5

A patient with Graves disease is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Protruding eyes (exophthalmos) and restlessness

Question 6

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and is primarily responsible for increasing blood sodium and decreasing body potassium concentrations?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 7

Which feedback mechanism is illustrated by the regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 8

A child with hyposecretion of growth hormone (GH) during development is most likely to present with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 9

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating the body’s internal clock?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 10

A patient with Cushing syndrome is likely to have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose and high cortisol

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets and lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the action of steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to receptors within the target cell nucleus and influence gene expression.

Question 13

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 14

A patient with a painless enlargement of the thyroid gland due to dietary iodine deficiency is most likely to have which condition?

Accepted Answer

Goiter

Question 15

Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum and is essential for maintaining pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of prostaglandins (PGs)?

Accepted Answer

They influence many body functions, including blood pressure, respiration, and gastrointestinal secretions.

Question 17

A patient with Addison disease is likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Excess pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles and spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the heart and stimulates sodium loss from the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

Question 20

A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus has high blood glucose levels despite normal insulin secretion. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The patient’s target cells are insensitive to insulin.

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Correlations

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards