Q: Which equation best represents the number of oocytes available at puberty, given that there are approximately 2 million primordial follicles at birth and only about 400,000 remain at puberty?

$$\text{Oocytes at puberty} = 400,000$$

Q: Which equation describes the average length of the uterine (menstrual) cycle, given a range of 21–35 days?

$$\text{Average length} = 28 \text{ days}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the total number of lactiferous sinuses opening onto the nipple, given that each breast has 15–20 sinuses?

$$\text{Total sinuses per nipple} = 15 \text{ to } 20$$

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the development of the functional zone of the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 2

During oogenesis, at what stage is the oocyte 'frozen' until ovulation occurs?

Accepted Answer

Primary oocyte

Question 3

Which structure in the female reproductive system is responsible for producing inhibin, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Ovary; inhibits FSH production

Question 4

If fertilization occurs, which hormone maintains the corpus luteum and prevents the formation of a scar for the first 10–12 weeks?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 5

Which layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation, and what causes its degeneration?

Accepted Answer

Functional layer; constriction of spiral arteries

Question 6

A patient presents with a blockage in the ampulla of the uterine tube. What is the most likely consequence regarding fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization will be prevented, as it normally occurs in the ampulla

Question 7

Which equation best represents the number of oocytes available at puberty, given that there are approximately 2 million primordial follicles at birth and only about 400,000 remain at puberty?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Oocytes at puberty} = 400,000$$

Question 8

During the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, which hormone is secreted in high levels and what is its primary effect on the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone; sustains endometrial development

Question 9

Which anatomical feature of the vagina allows it to be highly distensible during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Presence of rugae in the vaginal lining

Question 10

Which glands are responsible for lubricating the vestibule during sexual arousal, and what is their embryonic origin?

Accepted Answer

Greater vestibular glands; same origin as bulbo-urethral glands in males

Question 11

Which equation describes the average length of the uterine (menstrual) cycle, given a range of 21–35 days?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Average length} = 28 	ext{ days}$$

Question 12

A woman is experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding, losing more than 50 mL of blood per cycle. Which phase of the uterine cycle is most directly associated with this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Menstrual phase

Question 13

Which structure in the breast is responsible for the actual production of milk?

Accepted Answer

Secretory alveoli

Question 14

Which equation best represents the total number of lactiferous sinuses opening onto the nipple, given that each breast has 15–20 sinuses?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total sinuses per nipple} = 15 	ext{ to } 20$$

Question 15

Which hormone is released in a pulsatile manner at puberty in both males and females, but its pulse frequency changes throughout the ovarian cycle in females?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 16

During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle, which two hormones stimulate the enlargement of uterine glands and increased secretion of glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone and estrogen

Question 17

Which equation best represents the time it takes for a secondary oocyte to travel from the infundibulum to the uterine cavity?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Travel time} = 3 	ext{ to } 4 	ext{ days}$$

Question 18

Which anatomical structure forms the inferior portion of the birth canal and is lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Vagina

Question 19

Which equation best represents the blood loss during menstruation, given that the average is 35–50 mL?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Blood loss} = 35 	ext{ to } 50 	ext{ mL}$$

The Female Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Cycles

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