Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between external respiration and internal respiration?

Accepted Answer

External respiration is the exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and blood, while internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and individual cells.

Question 2

Which structure is primarily responsible for cleansing, warming, moistening, and testing inflowing air?

Accepted Answer

Supralaryngeal structures

Question 3

What is the main function of the conchae in the nasal chambers?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area exposed to inflowing air

Question 4

A patient has swelling of the mucoperiosteum in the nasal chambers. Which of the following symptoms is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to warm and moisten inhaled air

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

It prevents food from entering the larynx.

Question 6

During costal (thoracic) breathing, which of the following occurs during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

The rib cage moves upward and outward, increasing thoracic volume.

Question 7

According to Boyle's law, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs when the thoracic cavity volume increases?

Accepted Answer

The pressure decreases.

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure and function of the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

They are tiny sacs that maximize the surface area for external respiration.

Question 9

A patient with a punctured left pleural cavity is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased friction during lung movement and possible lung collapse

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the right lung is larger than the left lung?

Accepted Answer

The left lung must leave space for the heart.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of air flow from the external environment to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

External nose → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → alveoli

Question 12

Which of the following structures is responsible for producing selected pitch (vibration frequency) in the moving column of air?

Accepted Answer

Larynx

Question 13

A person with a blocked auditory (eustachian) tube may experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the pleural cavities?

Accepted Answer

They allow the lungs to move freely with minimal friction during breathing.

Question 15

During diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing, what is the primary action that causes air to enter the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The diaphragm contracts and flattens, increasing thoracic volume and decreasing pressure.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents Boyle's law as it applies to breathing?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the ciliated epithelial surface in the nasal chambers?

Accepted Answer

To move fluids and trapped particles toward the rear of the nasal cavity

Question 18

A patient with damage to the muscles controlling the tension of the vocal cords would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty regulating the pitch of their voice

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why air moves into the lungs during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

The pressure inside the lungs becomes less than the atmospheric pressure.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the bronchopulmonary segments of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The right lung has 10 segments, while the left lung has 8 segments.

The Human Respiratory System: Structure and Function

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