Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process by which T cells become immunocompetent?

Accepted Answer

T cells mature in the thymus, where they learn to distinguish 'self' from 'non-self' antigens.

Question 2

Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for providing passive immunity to a fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 3

A patient receives an injection of antibodies after being exposed to rabies. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the complement system in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing phagocytosis and promoting inflammation

Question 5

A person with a deficiency in helper T cells (CD4+) would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A severely impaired immune response to both cellular and humoral antigens

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why a secondary immune response is faster and stronger than a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells are present and can rapidly respond to the antigen.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Pallor (paleness)

Question 8

A patient develops muscle weakness due to antibodies attacking acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Which autoimmune disorder is this?

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate phagocytosis and interfere with viral replication.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the activation of a cytotoxic T cell?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation by an APC → Helper T cell releases interleukin-2 → Cytotoxic T cell activation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of transferrin in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits bacterial growth by reducing available iron.

Question 12

A patient develops a rash 48 hours after contact with poison ivy. This is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Type IV (delayed)

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

The variable region binds to a specific antigen.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why tissue rejection occurs after organ transplantation?

Accepted Answer

The recipient's immune system recognizes donor MHC antigens as foreign.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of IgA antibodies?

Accepted Answer

They are found in body fluids such as saliva, tears, and breast milk.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils and monocytes engulf and digest pathogens after being attracted by chemotaxis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of naturally acquired active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to a live pathogen and subsequent illness

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of memory cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They remain in the body to provide a faster response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of natural killer (NK) cells?

Accepted Answer

They secrete perforins to destroy virus-infected and cancer cells.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes autoimmunity?

Accepted Answer

The immune system fails to distinguish 'self' from 'non-self' and attacks the body's own tissues.

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

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