Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of melanin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

It absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation, protecting deeper layers of the epidermis and dermis.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that has destroyed both the epidermis and dermis, and the area is numb. Which classification of burn is this, and why is the area numb?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn; the area is numb because sensory nerves are destroyed.

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continual production of new keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 4

A person with a genetic defect that prevents the production of collagen in the dermis would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Fragile skin that is easily damaged and tears easily

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to overheating?

Accepted Answer

Their dermal blood supply is reduced and sweat glands are less active.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the repair of the integument after injury?

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory phase → Migratory phase → Proliferation phase → Scarring phase

Question 7

Which of the following glands is most responsible for body odor in adults and why?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine sweat glands; because their secretions are metabolized by skin bacteria.

Question 8

A patient has pale, bluish skin (cyanosis). Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

There is a decrease in oxygen supply to the blood in the dermal vessels.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about thick and thin skin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Thick skin contains a stratum lucidum and is found on the palms and soles.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the position of the skin relative to underlying tissues and stores fat.

Question 11

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin D3 would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Weak and flexible bones due to poor calcium absorption

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the growth of bacteria and lubricates the hair and skin.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why fingerprints are unique to each individual?

Accepted Answer

They are determined by the pattern of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the main difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands are responsible for cooling the body, while apocrine glands become active at puberty and produce odorous secretions.

Question 15

A patient has a wound that has formed a thick, shiny scar that extends beyond the original injury site. What is this type of scar called?

Accepted Answer

Keloid

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why hair turns gray or white with age?

Accepted Answer

Pigment production by melanocytes declines.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of a hair follicle?

Accepted Answer

The hair matrix contains epithelial stem cells that divide to produce new hair cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

It causes hair to stand up, producing 'goose bumps' in response to cold or emotional states.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic cells in the stratum spinosum?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in the immune response by detecting and presenting antigens.

Question 20

A patient with a blocked sebaceous duct develops inflammation and a raised pimple. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acne

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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