Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continual production of new keratinocytes and contains melanocytes and Merkel cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum germinativum (basal)

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that has destroyed the epidermis and penetrated deep into the dermis, affecting blood vessels and sensory receptors. Which layer is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Reticular layer

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 4

Which cell type in the epidermis is primarily responsible for immune defense?

Accepted Answer

Langerhans cell

Question 5

The arrector pili muscle is composed of which type of tissue and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle; causes hair to stand up

Question 6

Which gland is responsible for producing a thin, watery secretion that is important for thermoregulation and excretion?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland

Question 7

A person with decreased sweat gland activity and reduced skin repair is most likely experiencing which physiological change?

Accepted Answer

Aging

Question 8

Which structure is responsible for the production of hair and is located deep in the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Hair bulb

Question 9

Which nerve receptor in the skin is specialized for detecting deep pressure and vibration?

Accepted Answer

Pacinian (lamellated) corpuscle

Question 10

If a person has a deficiency in vitamin D3 synthesis, which layer of the skin is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the reticular layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Restricts spread of pathogens, stores lipids, and attaches skin to deeper tissues

Question 12

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the yellow-orange coloration of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 13

A patient presents with a loss of sensation in the fingertips. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Root hair plexus

Question 14

Which layer of the skin contains capillaries, nerves, and loose connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer of dermis

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship between heat loss and blood flow in the skin during thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

$Q = h \cdot A \cdot (T_{skin} - T_{env})$

Question 16

Which structure is NOT considered a true part of the integument but plays a role in insulation and energy storage?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Question 17

Which of the following glands is specialized for milk production?

Accepted Answer

Mammary gland

Question 18

Which structure protects and supports the tips of fingers and toes?

Accepted Answer

Nail

Question 19

Which equation would you use to calculate the surface area of skin exposed to sunlight for vitamin D synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$A = l \cdot w$

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of reduced Langerhans cell numbers in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Decreased immune defense

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Components

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