Q: Which equation would you use to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

$$\text{Total Burn Area} = \sum \text{Area of Each Region (in \%)}$$

Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for forming fingerprints due to its interaction with the dermal papillae?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 2

A patient presents with burns that have destroyed both the epidermis and the entire dermis, resulting in a dry, leathery appearance and insensitivity to touch. According to burn classification, what degree of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Third degree (full thickness)

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is primarily responsible for immune defense against microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Langerhans cells

Question 4

The secretion from which type of sweat gland contains fatty acids and proteins, and is largely confined to the axillary and genital areas?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine glands

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 6

A burn is considered critical if more than what percentage of the body has second-degree burns?

Accepted Answer

$$30\%$$

Question 7

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 8

During fetal development, the skin is covered by a downy type of hair called:

Accepted Answer

Lanugo

Question 9

Which structure is responsible for the water-resistant properties of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes

Question 10

A patient with burns affecting the airway and circumferential burns around a limb is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Critical burn status

Question 11

Which layer of the dermis contains dense irregular connective tissue and houses blood vessels and sensory receptors?

Accepted Answer

Reticular layer

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of Merkel cells?

Accepted Answer

Detection of touch sensations

Question 13

A patient presents with blisters and moist, red skin after exposure to heat. Which degree of burn is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Second degree (superficial partial thickness)

Question 14

Which of the following appendages of the skin is responsible for preventing hair from becoming brittle and contains chemicals that kill bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous glands

Question 15

Which layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells and is covered in lipids?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum

Question 16

Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect skin color?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocyte activity

Question 17

If a patient has burns covering 12% of their body as third-degree burns, how would this be classified?

Accepted Answer

Critical burn

Question 18

Which equation would you use to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Burn Area} = \sum 	ext{Area of Each Region (in \%)}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of decreased subcutaneous tissue in elderly individuals?

Accepted Answer

Increased sensitivity to cold

Question 20

A patient with burns to the face, hands, and feet is at risk for which classification of burn severity?

Accepted Answer

Critical burn

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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