Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for providing strength and elasticity due to its high content of collagen and elastin fibers?

Accepted Answer

Reticular layer of the dermis

Question 2

A patient presents with a yellowish tint to their skin and sclera. Which pigment and underlying condition is most likely responsible for this appearance?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin; liver disorder

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of Langerhans’ cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Acting as macrophages to activate the immune system

Question 4

A surgeon is planning an incision on the back. To minimize scarring and promote healing, the incision should be made:

Accepted Answer

Parallel to cleavage (tension) lines

Question 5

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 6

A burn patient has blisters and damage to both the epidermis and upper dermis. According to the classification of burns, this is a:

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 7

Which of the following glands is a modified apocrine gland found in the external ear canal and is responsible for producing earwax?

Accepted Answer

Ceruminous gland

Question 8

A person with a genetic mutation causing nonfunctional tyrosinase would most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Complete absence of melanin production

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the layers of the epidermis in thick skin, from deepest to most superficial?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 10

A patient presents with a metallic bronze appearance of the skin. Which underlying condition should be suspected?

Accepted Answer

Addison’s disease

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the skin is able to act as a blood reservoir?

Accepted Answer

The dermal blood vessels can hold up to 5% of the body’s blood volume

Question 12

A 45-year-old male presents with a rapidly growing lesion on his lower lip. Biopsy reveals abnormal keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum. Which type of skin cancer is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the stratum corneum?

Accepted Answer

Waterproofing and protection from abrasion

Question 14

A child is brought to the clinic with pale, fine body hair covering most of her body. This type of hair is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

Vellus hair

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process by which the skin synthesizes vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes in the epidermis convert a cholesterol derivative to vitamin D precursor upon UV exposure

Question 16

A patient with a third-degree burn on the hand is at high risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Fluid loss and infection due to destruction of the entire skin thickness

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for estimating the percentage of body surface area burned using the Rule of Nines?

Accepted Answer

$$Total\ burned\ area\ (\%) = \sum_{regions} (assigned\ \%\ for\ each\ region)$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to cold intolerance?

Accepted Answer

Diminished subcutaneous fat layer

Question 19

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes develops horizontal lines across their nails. This clinical sign is known as:

Accepted Answer

Beau’s lines

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the main function of Meissner’s corpuscles found in the dermal papillae?

Accepted Answer

Sensing light touch

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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