Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the stratum basale in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary site of active mitosis, generating new keratinocytes.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bluish tint to their skin (cyanosis). Which physiological condition is most likely responsible for this appearance?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygenation of hemoglobin in the blood

Question 3

Which of the following layers is present only in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 4

A surgeon is planning an incision on the trunk. According to the concept of cleavage lines, what is the best orientation for the incision to promote optimal healing?

Accepted Answer

Parallel to the underlying collagen fiber bundles

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the papillary layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Contains dermal papillae that house capillary loops and tactile receptors

Question 6

A patient has a burn that affects the entire thickness of the skin, appears gray-white, and is not painful. According to burn classification, what type of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 7

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing a watery secretion that helps regulate body temperature and contains antimicrobial proteins?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

Question 8

A person with a genetic mutation that prevents the production of melanin would be at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

DNA damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered a blood reservoir?

Accepted Answer

It can hold up to 5% of the body’s total blood volume and constrict vessels to redirect blood flow.

Question 10

A patient presents with thickened, yellow nails. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Fungal infection of the nail

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of melanoma that distinguishes it from other skin cancers?

Accepted Answer

It arises from melanocytes and is highly metastatic.

Question 12

Which of the following is a metabolic function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D for calcium absorption

Question 13

A patient with a large, dark, hyperpigmented area around the neck and axillae may be showing early signs of which underlying condition?

Accepted Answer

Insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic (Langerhans) cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They activate the immune system by presenting antigens to white blood cells.

Question 15

A patient is prescribed a transdermal patch for medication delivery. Which property of the skin allows certain drugs to be absorbed through the skin?

Accepted Answer

The ability of lipid-soluble substances to penetrate the stratum corneum

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands secrete a watery sweat for thermoregulation, while apocrine glands secrete a viscous sweat containing proteins and lipids.

Question 17

A patient with severe burns is at immediate risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to skin infections and cancer?

Accepted Answer

Decreased numbers of melanocytes and dendritic cells

Question 19

A person with a deficiency in vitamin D synthesis due to limited sun exposure may experience which of the following consequences?

Accepted Answer

Impaired calcium absorption in the intestine

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct application of the Rule of Nines in burn assessment?

Accepted Answer

The anterior and posterior trunk together account for 36% of the body surface area.

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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