Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the epidermis is considered avascular?

Accepted Answer

It receives nutrients and oxygen by diffusion from capillaries in the dermis.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bluish coloration of the skin (cyanosis) after a severe asthma attack. Which physiological change most directly causes this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygenation of hemoglobin in the dermal blood vessels

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the generation of new keratinocytes and is attached to the basement membrane?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 4

A surgeon is planning an incision on a patient’s back. To minimize scarring, the incision should be made:

Accepted Answer

Parallel to the tension lines of the skin

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)?

Accepted Answer

Storage of lipids for energy and insulation

Question 6

Exposure to sunlight increases the production of vitamin D$$_3 in $$the skin. Which sequence correctly describes the pathway for vitamin D$$_3$$ activation?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis $$\rightarrow$$ Liver $$\rightarrow$$ Kidney $$\rightarrow$$ Calcitriol

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the main difference between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine glands secrete into hair follicles and are activated at puberty, while eccrine glands secrete directly onto the skin surface and are involved in thermoregulation.

Question 8

A child with a vitamin D deficiency develops bowed legs and weak bones. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 9

Which of the following statements about melanocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize melanin, which is transferred to keratinocytes to protect against UV radiation.

Question 10

A patient suffers a third-degree burn on their arm. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

There is a high risk of fluid loss, infection, and the need for skin grafts.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to overheating?

Accepted Answer

Reduced blood supply to the dermis and decreased glandular activity

Question 12

Which structure is responsible for the formation of fingerprints and improved grip?

Accepted Answer

Epidermal ridges in the stratum basale

Question 13

A person with Addison’s disease may develop darker skin due to increased production of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Production of melanin for UV protection

Question 15

Which phase of skin injury repair is characterized by the migration of epithelial cells and the formation of granulation tissue?

Accepted Answer

Migration phase

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between vellus and terminal hairs?

Accepted Answer

Terminal hairs are thicker, longer, and more pigmented than vellus hairs.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nail structure?

Accepted Answer

The nail root is the site of nail production.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a person with albinism is more susceptible to skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

They lack melanin, which normally protects DNA from UV radiation.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the papillary layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Contains capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons

Question 20

A patient presents with white patches on their skin due to the loss of melanocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Vitiligo

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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