Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of melanin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

To protect keratinocyte DNA from mutations induced by UV radiation

Question 2

A patient presents with a bluish hue to their skin, especially during episodes of crying or feeding. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Low levels of oxygen bound to hemoglobin (cyanosis)

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continuous regeneration of keratinocytes and is most metabolically active?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 4

A second-degree burn damages which layers of the integument?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis and dermis

Question 5

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing a waxy secretion that helps trap particles in the ear canal?

Accepted Answer

Ceruminous gland

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why calluses often appear yellow?

Accepted Answer

Carotenoids from food accumulate in the thickened skin

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the negative feedback loop for thermoregulation when body temperature rises?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus → Receptor detection → Control center processing → Effector activation

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between thick and thin skin?

Accepted Answer

Thick skin has a thicker stratum corneum and contains a stratum lucidum

Question 9

A patient has a wound that is slow to heal and forms a large scar. The incision was most likely made:

Accepted Answer

Perpendicular to tension (cleavage) lines

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to cause hair to stand up, producing 'goosebumps'

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the skin to deeper structures and is composed of loose connective and adipose tissue

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why individuals with albinism are at higher risk for skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

They lack the ability to produce melanin, reducing UV protection

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the reticular layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Contains dense irregular connective tissue that provides strength and elasticity

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process by which sebaceous glands release their product?

Accepted Answer

Holocrine secretion

Question 15

A 35-year-old male presents with a scaly plaque on his scalp that occasionally bleeds. A biopsy reveals cancer of keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why people living closer to the equator tend to have darker skin?

Accepted Answer

Increased melanin production protects against higher UV radiation

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of the five layers of the epidermis in thick skin, from deepest to most superficial?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main function of tactile (Meissner) corpuscles in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Respond to touch stimuli

Question 19

A patient with a third-degree burn is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Major tissue damage, risk for infection, and loss of hair follicles

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of aging on the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Thinner epidermis, decreased collagen, and increased risk of infection

Ch. 5 - The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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