Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of melanocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize melanin to protect the nucleus from UV radiation.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. Which of the following best explains this clinical finding?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygenation of hemoglobin, known as cyanosis.

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 4

A surgeon is planning an incision on the forearm. To minimize scarring and promote healing, the incision should be made:

Accepted Answer

Parallel to the cleavage (tension) lines.

Question 5

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing an oily secretion that helps soften hair and skin and has bactericidal properties?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 6

A 45-year-old male presents with a slowly enlarging, pearly nodule on his face. Biopsy reveals proliferation of cells from the stratum basale. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why third-degree burns are typically painless?

Accepted Answer

They destroy the entire thickness of the skin, including nerve endings.

Question 8

Which pigment is responsible for the yellow to orange coloration most visible in the palms and soles, and accumulates in the stratum corneum and hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 9

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes develops horizontal lines across their nails. What is the clinical term for this finding, and what does it indicate?

Accepted Answer

Beau’s lines; severe illness or metabolic stress

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the skin that directly contributes to calcium homeostasis in the body?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D for calcium absorption

Question 11

A woman develops excessive facial hair due to a tumor producing excess androgens. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hirsutism

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the secretion method of eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine (exocytosis)

Question 13

A patient presents with a yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclera. Which organ system is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Liver (hepatic) system

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin

Question 15

A patient with a severe burn is at immediate risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why sweat produced by eccrine glands helps regulate body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation of sweat from the skin surface removes heat.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of melanoma that distinguishes it from other skin cancers?

Accepted Answer

It is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy.

Question 18

A patient presents with silvery white scars on the abdomen after pregnancy. What is the most likely cause of these marks?

Accepted Answer

Dermal tears due to extreme stretching of the skin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of lamellar granules in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They contain water-resistant glycolipids that help prevent water loss.

Question 20

A patient has a burn that involves the entire thickness of the skin, appears gray-white, cherry red, or blackened, and is not painful. According to the Rule of Nines, what percentage of the body must be affected for the burn to be considered critical?

Accepted Answer

$$\u003e10\% of $$the body

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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