Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

To return excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for receiving digested fats in the small intestine, and what is the fatty lymph called?

Accepted Answer

Lacteal; chyle

Question 3

A patient presents with swelling in the lower limbs due to blockage of lymphatic drainage. Which lymphatic trunk is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar trunk

Question 4

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to the propulsion of lymph through lymphatic vessels?

Accepted Answer

Heartbeat

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding lymphatic capillaries?

Accepted Answer

They are closed at one end and have flaplike minivalves formed by overlapping endothelial cells.

Question 6

Which lymphatic duct drains lymph from three-quarters of the body and empties into the junction of the left internal jugular and left subclavian veins?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic duct

Question 7

A 10-year-old child has a thymus that is much larger relative to body size than an adult. What is the primary function of the thymus?

Accepted Answer

To mature T lymphocytes and secrete thymic hormones

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of B lymphocytes in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They become plasma cells that secrete antibodies.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of antigens and old blood cells

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why lymph flows only toward the heart?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic vessels have valves that prevent backflow

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with mononucleosis, which is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Which cells are primarily attacked in this disease?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphoid organ?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of lymphocyte activation?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes are activated when they encounter their specific antigen, proliferate, and differentiate into effector and memory cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a unique feature of natural killer (NK) cells compared to B and T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

They do not recognize specific antigens.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of lymph flow from the tissues back to the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → collecting lymphatic vessels → lymph nodes → lymph trunks → lymph ducts → veins

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph and activate B and T lymphocytes in response to antigens.

Question 17

A patient with a chylothorax is experiencing leakage of which substance into the thorax?

Accepted Answer

Fatty lymph (chyle)

Question 18

Which of the following lymphoid organs is responsible for the removal and destruction of old or defective blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of the white pulp of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

It contains thick sleeves of lymphoid tissue where immune responses are initiated.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

Accepted Answer

It protects mucosal surfaces by generating memory lymphocytes and fighting invading bacteria.

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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