Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic capillaries as shown in the second image?

Accepted Answer

They absorb excess tissue fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in the lower extremities after surgical removal of several inguinal lymph nodes. Which physiological process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Drainage of interstitial fluid (lymph) from tissues

Question 3

Which lymphatic structure is responsible for filtering lymph and mounting immune responses, as depicted in the seventh image?

Accepted Answer

Lymph node

Question 4

The thoracic duct, shown in the third image, drains lymph from which of the following regions?

Accepted Answer

Left upper limb, left side of the head and thorax, and both lower limbs

Question 5

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ, as shown in the fifth image?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 6

A child with a congenital absence of the thymus would most likely have which clinical finding?

Accepted Answer

Impaired T cell maturation and increased susceptibility to infections

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the spleen, as illustrated in the eighth and ninth images?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of blood and removal of old erythrocytes

Question 8

Which structure is most responsible for the immune surveillance of the pharynx, as shown in the tenth image?

Accepted Answer

Palatine tonsil

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT), as seen in the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

Immune defense against pathogens entering through mucosal surfaces

Question 10

A blockage in the right lymphatic duct would most likely result in edema in which region?

Accepted Answer

Right upper limb

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the Starling equation for net filtration pressure (NFP) across capillaries, relevant to lymph formation?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = (P_c - P_i) - (\pi_c - \pi_i)$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why removal of axillary lymph nodes during breast cancer surgery can lead to arm swelling?

Accepted Answer

Impaired lymphatic drainage leading to accumulation of interstitial fluid

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphoid organ?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the germinal center within a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

Site of B cell proliferation and antibody production

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the pathway of lymph from the lower limbs to the venous system?

Accepted Answer

Inguinal nodes → thoracic duct → left subclavian vein

Question 16

Which of the following is a clinical consequence of a blocked thoracic duct?

Accepted Answer

Edema in both lower limbs and left upper limb

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of Peyer's patches, as seen in the eleventh image?

Accepted Answer

Immune surveillance of the intestinal lumen

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why lymphatic capillaries are highly permeable?

Accepted Answer

They have overlapping endothelial cells that form flaplike minivalves.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of lymph flow through a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

Afferent vessel → subcapsular sinus → medullary sinus → efferent vessel

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the clinical significance of the spleen in trauma patients?

Accepted Answer

It is highly vascular and prone to life-threatening hemorrhage if ruptured.

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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