Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic capillaries in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They collect interstitial fluid and large solutes, allowing them to enter the lymphatic system as lymph.

Question 2

A patient presents with severe swelling in their lower limb after a parasitic infection. Which condition is most likely responsible, and what is the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Lymphedema; blockage of lymphatic drainage causing accumulation of interstitial fluid.

Question 3

Which lymphatic structure is responsible for filtering lymph and removing 99% of pathogens before the fluid returns to the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Lymph node

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct pairing of lymphocyte type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

NK cell – immunological surveillance

Question 5

A child undergoes a thymectomy (removal of the thymus) at age 2. Which immune function will be most affected as the child grows older?

Accepted Answer

Development and maturation of functional T cells

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the spleen is more likely to be damaged and require removal after abdominal trauma?

Accepted Answer

It has a delicate structure with a thin capsule, making it prone to rupture.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a nonspecific defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Antibody production by plasma cells

Question 8

A patient receives an injection of antibodies after exposure to rabies. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of Class I MHC proteins in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They present antigens from intracellular pathogens to cytotoxic T cells.

Question 10

Which antibody class is primarily responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins, and is the most abundant in plasma?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 11

Which process describes the coating of a pathogen with antibodies to enhance phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 12

A person with a genetic defect preventing the production of complement proteins would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired ability to lyse pathogens and increased susceptibility to infections

Question 13

Which of the following events occurs FIRST during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Tissue damage causing chemical changes in interstitial fluid

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of specific immunity but NOT nonspecific immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immunologic memory

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of helper T cells (CD4+)?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the activation and function of both T cells and B cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of lymph through a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

Afferent lymphatics → subcapsular space → outer cortex → deep cortex → medullary sinus → efferent lymphatics

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a secondary immune response is faster and stronger than a primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells rapidly differentiate into plasma cells upon re-exposure to the antigen.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the spleen that distinguishes it from lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

It removes abnormal components from the blood and stores iron.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They trigger the production of antiviral proteins in nearby cells, interfering with viral replication.

The Lymphatic System and Immunity: Structure and Function

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