Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic capillaries as shown in the provided images?

Accepted Answer

They absorb and return interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins to the bloodstream.

Question 2

What structural feature of lymphatic capillaries, as depicted in the close-up image, allows them to absorb large molecules such as proteins and cell debris?

Accepted Answer

Overlapping endothelial cells forming one-way minivalves

Question 3

Which of the following equations best represents the net movement of fluid into lymphatic capillaries from the interstitial space?

Accepted Answer

$$Net\;Lymph\;Flow = Filtration\;Pressure - Reabsorption\;Pressure$$

Question 4

A patient presents with severe swelling in one leg after lymph node removal due to cancer. Which condition is most likely depicted in the clinical image and what is its underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Lymphedema caused by impaired lymphatic drainage

Question 5

Which lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right upper limb, right side of the head, and right thorax, as shown in the anatomical diagram?

Accepted Answer

Right lymphatic duct

Question 6

Which mechanism does NOT contribute to the propulsion of lymph through lymphatic vessels?

Accepted Answer

High-pressure arterial pulsations within lymph nodes

Question 7

A histological section shows a lymph node with a cortex containing germinal centers and a medulla with medullary cords. Which cells are most abundant in the germinal centers?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why lymph nodes can become secondary cancer sites?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph, trapping metastasizing cancer cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is a unique feature of the thymus compared to other lymphoid organs?

Accepted Answer

It lacks B cells and does not directly fight antigens.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the white pulp in the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Site of immune function and lymphocyte proliferation

Question 11

A patient with a history of recurrent infections is found to have a congenital absence of lymphoid follicles in the tonsils and Peyer’s patches. Which immune function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Generation of memory lymphocytes against pathogens entering mucosal surfaces

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the path of lymph through a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

Afferent vessel → subcapsular sinus → cortex → medullary sinus → efferent vessel

Question 13

Which cell type is responsible for producing the reticular fibers that form the stroma of lymphoid organs?

Accepted Answer

Reticular cells

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

Accepted Answer

Protection from pathogens entering mucosal surfaces

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why physical activity increases lymph flow?

Accepted Answer

It enhances the milking action of skeletal muscles and respiratory movements.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues?

Accepted Answer

They capture antigens and help activate T cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing histological feature of Hodgkin lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the flow of lymph through a lymph node is slow?

Accepted Answer

There are fewer efferent than afferent vessels, causing stagnation.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of tonsillar crypts?

Accepted Answer

They trap bacteria and particulate matter to expose them to immune cells.

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance

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