Question 1

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the central nervous system, and what is the primary function of myelin?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte; speeds up electrical signal transmission

Question 2

A patient presents with a loss of rapid reflexes and muscle control. Which type of neuron is most likely affected, and what is its structural classification?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron; multipolar

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents Ohm’s law as applied to neural physiology, and what does each variable represent?

Accepted Answer

$$I = V / R$$; I = current, V = voltage, R = resistance

Question 4

During an action potential, which event marks the absolute refractory period?

Accepted Answer

Sodium channels open until they begin to reset

Question 5

Which neuroglial cell is most abundant in the CNS and helps form the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 6

What is the primary difference between saltatory and continuous conduction in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction occurs in myelinated axons and is faster due to action potentials jumping between nodes of Ranvier

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is classified as a biogenic amine and can act through indirect (slow) mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 8

A neuron receives multiple excitatory inputs from different presynaptic neurons at the same time. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Immune defense and removal of pathogens

Question 10

If a postsynaptic neuron becomes more permeable to potassium and chloride ions, what type of postsynaptic potential is generated?

Accepted Answer

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

Question 11

Which neural circuit pattern is most important for higher-level mental functioning and allows input to travel along several pathways simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Parallel processing

Question 12

What is the primary mechanism by which neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

They are degraded by enzymes, reabsorbed by astrocytes or presynaptic terminals, or diffuse away

Question 13

Which structural classification of neuron is most common in the central nervous system and typically functions as an interneuron?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar

Question 14

A nerve impulse travels fastest in which type of axon fiber?

Accepted Answer

Group A fiber: thick myelin sheath, large diameter

Question 15

Which cell type lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and circulates cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 16

What is the effect of synaptic potentiation on neural communication?

Accepted Answer

Enhances the presynaptic neuron’s ability to excite the postsynaptic neuron

Question 17

Which process describes the movement of materials from the axon terminal toward the cell body in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde movement

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They decrease in intensity with distance and only travel short distances

Question 19

Which division of the peripheral nervous system transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs and includes both voluntary and involuntary components?

Accepted Answer

Motor division

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Protect neuron cell bodies and regulate environment

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Neurophysiology

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