Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It constantly monitors internal and external environments, integrates information, and coordinates responses.

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for initiating the action potential in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Axon hillock

Question 3

A patient has lost the ability to feel pain in their skin but can still sense changes in their internal organs. Which division of the PNS is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Somatic sensory division

Question 4

Which of the following glial cells is responsible for forming myelin in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 5

What is the main difference between contiguous and saltatory propagation of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory propagation involves the action potential jumping from node to node, increasing speed.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths

Question 8

A toxin blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in neurons. What is the most likely effect on action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials will not be initiated.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches the neuron type with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron: processes and relays information within the CNS

Question 10

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels open rapidly

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at a cholinergic synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives, Ca$$^{2+}$$ influx, ACh release, ACh binds receptor, Na$$^+$$ influx, ACh degraded

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It pumps 3 Na$$^+$$ out and 2 K$$^+ in$$, maintaining the ion gradient.

Question 14

A neuron is unable to repolarize after an action potential. Which ion channel is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated K$$^+$$ channel

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structural classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neurons have a single extension from the soma.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a correct match between a neuroglial cell and its function?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte: myelination in PNS

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at a cholinergic synapse?

Accepted Answer

It degrades acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, terminating the signal.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the CNS contains both white and gray matter?

Accepted Answer

White matter consists of myelinated axons, while gray matter consists of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.

Question 19

A patient is exposed to tetrodotoxin (TTX), which blocks voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels. What is the most immediate effect on neural function?

Accepted Answer

Neurons will be unable to initiate action potentials.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes, removing pathogens and debris.

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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