Question 1

Which type of neuroglial cell is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation and flaccid paralysis in a specific body region after a spinal injury. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Spinal nerve or its rami

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the primary somatic sensory cortex located in the postcentral gyrus?

Accepted Answer

Integrates and interprets sensory input from the body

Question 4

During an action potential, which event is responsible for the rapid depolarization of the neuron's membrane?

Accepted Answer

Inflow of sodium ions ($$Na^+)$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the brain's ventricles?

Accepted Answer

Lateral ventricles → third ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → fourth ventricle

Question 6

A person is unable to vocalize words properly after a stroke but understands language. Which brain area is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Broca's area

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction allows impulses to jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosing bacteria and debris

Question 9

A patient with damage to the dorsal root ganglion would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Loss of sensation from the affected body area

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature, water balance, and metabolism

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic division is also called the craniosacral division

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Provides precise timing for skeletal muscle activity and controls balance

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why a lumbar puncture is performed below the level of L3 in adults?

Accepted Answer

The spinal cord ends above this level, reducing risk of injury

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a three-neuron reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron → effector

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytose debris and monitor neuron health

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Regulate voluntary motor activities by modifying instructions from the primary motor cortex

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of the sympathetic division on the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Decreases activity of digestive organs

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the organization of a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Fascicles are bundles of axons surrounded by the perineurium

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the face and hands occupy a large area on the motor and sensory homunculi?

Accepted Answer

They require finer motor control and have more sensory receptors

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Organization

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