Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-testis barrier formed by sustentacular cells in the seminiferous tubules?

Accepted Answer

It separates developing sperm cells from the immune system, preventing an autoimmune response.

Question 2

During the first meiotic division (Meiosis I), which event is responsible for increasing genetic diversity among gametes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 3

A patient presents with a PSA (prostate-specific antigen) level of 5.2 ng/ml. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in clinical management?

Accepted Answer

Schedule a tissue biopsy of the prostate.

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the development of the corpus luteum after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in a diploid human somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 6

A woman with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease is experiencing infertility. Which anatomical structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progesterone are effective at preventing pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

They provide negative feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary, suppressing FSH and LH release.

Question 8

Which of the following is a major difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one mature gamete per cycle, while spermatogenesis produces four.

Question 9

Which of the following structures is responsible for producing the majority of the fluid in semen?

Accepted Answer

Seminal vesicles

Question 10

During the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle, which layer of the endometrium is shed?

Accepted Answer

Stratum functionalis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the scrotum regulates testicular temperature?

Accepted Answer

The dartos and cremaster muscles contract to elevate the testes and reduce heat loss.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the acrosome in sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

Contains digestive enzymes to penetrate the oocyte

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which symptom is most likely to be observed?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty urinating due to compression of the prostatic urethra

Question 14

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the production of androgen-binding protein (ABP) in males?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of estrogen on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen inhibits osteoclasts, reducing bone breakdown.

Question 16

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is most likely to cause blindness in newborns if not treated?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Question 17

Which of the following equations represents the number of chromosomes in a human gamete?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 23$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a primary function of the myometrium in the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Contracts rhythmically during childbirth to expel the fetus

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why sperm are produced in large numbers during spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

To ensure enough sperm reach the oocyte and provide sufficient enzymes to penetrate it

Question 20

Which of the following birth control methods works by providing negative feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary, preventing ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progesterone

The Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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