Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the seminiferous tubules in the testes?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of spermatogenesis, where sperm are produced.

Question 2

During the menstrual cycle, which hormone is primarily responsible for the thickening of the endometrium during the proliferative phase?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 3

A vasectomy is a surgical procedure that results in male sterility. Which structure is cut or sealed during this procedure?

Accepted Answer

Ductus (vas) deferens

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures that sperm pass through from their site of production to the outside of the body?

Accepted Answer

Seminiferous tubule → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics such as deepening of the voice and increased muscle mass?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 6

A patient presents with urinary retention and frequent bladder infections. An enlarged gland is found surrounding the upper part of the urethra. Which gland is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Prostate gland

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the corpus luteum in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

It forms from the ruptured follicle and secretes progesterone to maintain the endometrium.

Question 8

Which structure in the female reproductive system is the usual site of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Uterine (fallopian) tube

Question 9

A woman is in the secretory phase of her menstrual cycle. Which hormone is at its highest level and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone; increases blood supply to the endometrium

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the testes are located outside the body cavity in the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature 2–3°C below body temperature, which is optimal for spermatogenesis

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the process of spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

It produces spermatids with 23 chromosomes each.

Question 12

A zygote is formed when:

Accepted Answer

A sperm cell fuses with a secondary oocyte, combining their genetic material.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

Accepted Answer

It contains digestive enzymes to help penetrate the egg.

Question 14

Which ligament anchors the uterus anteriorly in the female pelvis?

Accepted Answer

Round ligament

Question 15

During which stage of labor does the cervix reach full dilation and the amnion rupture?

Accepted Answer

Dilation stage

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the greater vestibular glands in the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Secrete mucus for lubrication during intercourse

Question 17

A woman has not menstruated for over a year and experiences hot flashes and mood changes. Which of the following best explains her condition?

Accepted Answer

She is in menopause, and her ovaries no longer respond to FSH and LH.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of the birth control pill?

Accepted Answer

It provides a constant supply of ovarian hormones, preventing follicle maturation and ovulation.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct chromosomal composition of a human zygote?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with infertility due to a blockage in the uterine tubes. Which process is most directly affected by this condition?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

The Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Development

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