Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 2

A patient presents with an abnormally high blood level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the diagnostic process?

Accepted Answer

Schedule a tissue biopsy of the prostate.

Question 3

Which structure in the male reproductive system is responsible for the majority of sperm maturation and storage?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis

Question 4

During spermatogenesis, how many functional sperm cells are produced from one primary spermatocyte?

Accepted Answer

Four

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 6

A woman with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is experiencing infertility. Which anatomical structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the testes are located outside the abdominopelvic cavity in the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature about 3°C below core body temperature, which is optimal for spermatogenesis

Question 8

Which of the following is a direct effect of testosterone on the male body during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Growth of pubic, axillary, and facial hair

Question 9

A patient is prescribed oral contraceptives containing synthetic estrogen and progesterone. What is the primary mechanism by which these prevent pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

They provide negative feedback to inhibit FSH and LH release, preventing follicle maturation and ovulation.

Question 10

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is most strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 11

Which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle is characterized by the shedding of the stratum functionalis?

Accepted Answer

Menstrual phase

Question 12

A male patient is diagnosed with cryptorchidism. Which of the following best describes this condition and its consequence?

Accepted Answer

The testes fail to descend into the scrotum, leading to infertility due to impaired spermatogenesis.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why only one secondary oocyte is typically released during each ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

The ovarian cycle is regulated so that only one dominant follicle completes maturation and ovulation.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of alkaline mucus to neutralize acidic urine and lubricate the urethra

Question 15

Which hormone is secreted by the developing conceptus and is used as the basis for most pregnancy tests?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 16

A patient with a genetic mutation in the BRCA1 gene is at increased risk for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Breast cancer

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic diversity by exchanging segments between homologous chromosomes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of estrogen on the female body?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of osteoclast activity, leading to reduced bone breakdown

Question 19

A couple is unable to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. The male partner’s semen analysis reveals a sperm count of 10 million sperm/mL. Which of the following best describes his condition?

Accepted Answer

He is considered infertile due to a low sperm count.

Question 20

Which of the following birth control methods works primarily by preventing the implantation of a fertilized ovum in the uterine wall?

Accepted Answer

Intrauterine device (IUD)

The Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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