Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells that are genetically identical, while meiosis produces four haploid cells that are genetically variable.

Question 2

During spermatogenesis, what is the chromosome number of primary spermatocytes before meiosis begins?

Accepted Answer

2n

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating testosterone production in the testes?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 4

What is the function of the blood-testis barrier formed by sustentacular (Sertoli) cells?

Accepted Answer

To protect developing sperm cells from the immune system

Question 5

Which structure in the female reproductive system is responsible for transporting the oocyte from the ovary to the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Question 6

During the menstrual cycle, which hormone peaks to trigger ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 7

Which layer of the uterine wall is shed during menstruation?

Accepted Answer

Endometrium

Question 8

What is the ploidy of a zygote immediately after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

2n

Question 9

Which accessory gland in the male reproductive system produces a fluid rich in fructose and prostaglandins?

Accepted Answer

Seminal vesicle

Question 10

If a sperm cell contains 23 chromosomes, which process must have occurred to produce it?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why hormonal birth control methods prevent pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

They prevent ovulation by inhibiting FSH and LH secretion.

Question 12

Which cell type in the seminiferous tubules is responsible for producing testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

Question 13

What is the main function of the acrosomal cap in sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

To contain enzymes that help penetrate the oocyte

Question 14

Which event occurs during prophase I of meiosis that increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding oogenesis in females?

Accepted Answer

It begins before birth and resumes at puberty.

Question 16

Which structure is homologous to the glans penis in the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Clitoris

Question 17

Which phase of the female reproductive cycle is characterized by high progesterone levels and preparation of the endometrium for implantation?

Accepted Answer

Post-ovulatory (luteal) phase

Question 18

Which equation correctly represents the chromosome number change during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 19

A patient presents with inflammation and discharge in the reproductive tract. Which type of sexually transmitted infection is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial or parasitic STI such as Chlamydia or Gonorrhea

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis, secretion, and ejection of milk for offspring

The Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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