Question 1

Which structure is responsible for preventing food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Uvula

Question 2

What is the primary function of the ciliated mucosa lining the trachea?

Accepted Answer

To expel mucus loaded with dust and debris away from the lungs

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

O2 enters the blood and CO2 enters the alveoli by diffusion

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of Vital Capacity (VC) in pulmonary function testing?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = IRV + TV + ERV$$

Question 5

A patient with chronic bronchitis is likely to experience which of the following symptoms due to excessive mucus production?

Accepted Answer

Impaired ventilation and gas exchange

Question 6

Which law explains why CO2 dissolves in plasma more readily than O2, despite its lower partial pressure?

Accepted Answer

Henry’s law

Question 7

During inspiration, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm contracts and gas pressure decreases

Question 8

Which cells are responsible for producing surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Type II pneumocytes

Question 9

What is the effect of increased temperature on hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Affinity decreases, facilitating unloading of O2

Question 10

Which formula represents the calculation of Alveolar Ventilation Rate (AVR)?

Accepted Answer

$$AVR = (VT - VD) 	imes RR$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

Increased pCO2 and acidity decrease hemoglobin’s affinity for O2, increasing O2 unloading

Question 12

Which structure is NOT part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Question 13

What is the main stimulus for breathing under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

High CO2 levels detected by central chemoreceptors

Question 14

Which of the following is a consequence of loss of negative intrapleural pressure?

Accepted Answer

Lung collapse

Question 15

Which equation represents the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid in erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3$$

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about the left lung compared to the right lung?

Accepted Answer

The left lung has a cardiac notch and two lobes

Question 17

Which respiratory disorder is characterized by hyperresponsive airways, bronchoconstriction, and thick mucus production?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Question 18

Which structure is the only site of gas exchange in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of alveolar macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Pick up bacteria, carbon particles, and debris

Question 20

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?

Accepted Answer

$$FRC = ERV + RV$$

The Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

Study Guide - Practice Questions