Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the respiratory zone in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

It is the main site of gas exchange between air and blood.

Question 2

Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 3

What is the primary function of type II alveolar cells?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of surfactant to reduce surface tension

Question 4

According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs when the volume of the thoracic cavity increases?

Accepted Answer

Pressure decreases

Question 5

Which muscles are primarily responsible for normal inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 6

Which law states that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure independently of the other gases present?

Accepted Answer

Dalton’s Law

Question 7

What is the main effect of increased airway resistance on pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Decreased airflow

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of total lung capacity (TLC)?

Accepted Answer

$$TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV$$

Question 9

A patient with a deficiency in surfactant production is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Collapse of alveoli during exhalation

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why oxygen diffuses from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries during external respiration?

Accepted Answer

The partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the capillaries.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of airflow from the external nares to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nares → Nasal cavity → Nasopharynx → Oropharynx → Laryngopharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Primary bronchi → Secondary bronchi → Tertiary bronchi → Bronchioles → Terminal bronchioles → Respiratory bronchioles → Alveolar ducts → Alveolar sacs

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the right and left lungs is correct?

Accepted Answer

The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased pH (increased acidity) causes hemoglobin to release more oxygen.

Question 14

Which of the following is the most abundant form in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ions in plasma

Question 15

During forced exhalation, which muscles are primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 16

Which pressure is always lower than alveolar pressure during normal breathing, helping to keep the lungs partially inflated?

Accepted Answer

Intrapleural pressure

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the vestibular folds (false vocal cords)?

Accepted Answer

Holding breath against pressure in the thoracic cavity

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the pleural fluid?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction and allows smooth movement of the lungs during breathing.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of gases during external respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why airway diameter affects airway resistance?

Accepted Answer

A larger airway diameter decreases resistance, making airflow easier.

The Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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