Q: Which equation would you use to calculate the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli if the total atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg and oxygen makes up 21% of the air?

$$\mathrm{P_{O_2$} = 0.21 \times 760}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the nasal conchae in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area to moisten, warm, and filter inhaled air.

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty in voice production. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Larynx

Question 3

Which equation represents the chemical reaction that helps regulate blood pH in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+}$$

Question 4

Which type of epithelium lines the trachea and is responsible for moving mucus upward toward the pharynx?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 5

During an asthma attack, smooth muscle constriction occurs in which part of the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Bronchioles

Question 6

Which structure is the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Question 7

What is the function of Type II alveolar cells?

Accepted Answer

They secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin

Question 9

A patient with damage to the pharyngeal tonsil is most likely to have problems with which function?

Accepted Answer

Destroying entering pathogens

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the anatomical dead space?

Accepted Answer

The conducting zone where no gas exchange occurs

Question 11

Which structure routes air and food into the proper channels during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the right lung compared to the left lung?

Accepted Answer

The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pathway for air as it travels from the nose to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

Question 14

Which equation would you use to calculate the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli if the total atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg and oxygen makes up 21% of the air?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{P_{O_2$} = 0.21 	imes 760}$$

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the respiratory membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of the alveolar wall, capillary wall, and fused basal laminae.

Question 16

Which structure is responsible for equalizing air pressure between alveoli and providing alternate routes for air?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar pores

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

They moisten, warm, and filter inhaled air, similar to the nasal cavity.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of carbonic anhydrase in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the conversion of $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$ and $$\mathrm{H_2O} to$$ $$\mathrm{H_2CO_3}.$$

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

It carries, filters, humidifies, and warms incoming air but does not participate in gas exchange.

The Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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