Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the exchange of gases between air and blood through diffusion

Question 2

A patient presents with nasal congestion, sore throat, and sneezing. Which part of the respiratory tract is most likely affected, and what is the most probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Upper respiratory tract; head cold (infectious rhinitis)

Question 3

Which structure prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 4

What is the main function of the cilia found on the respiratory mucosa lining the trachea?

Accepted Answer

To move mucus and trapped particles upward toward the pharynx for removal

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of vital capacity (VC) in pulmonary function testing?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = TV + IRV + ERV$$

Question 6

A premature infant is experiencing difficulty inflating the lungs due to a lack of surfactant. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why air moves into the lungs during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

The volume of the thoracic cavity increases, causing a decrease in lung pressure below atmospheric pressure

Question 8

Which breathing pattern is characterized by cycles of alternating apnea and hyperventilation, often seen in critical conditions?

Accepted Answer

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Question 9

A patient aspirates a small object. In which bronchus is the object most likely to lodge, and why?

Accepted Answer

Right primary bronchus, because it is more vertical

Question 10

Which of the following is the most important muscle of inspiration, and what nerve stimulates its contraction?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm; phrenic nerve

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse during breathing

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary mechanism for the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ions ($$HCO_3$$^-$$)

Question 13

A patient with a collapsed lung due to air in the pleural space is diagnosed with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Pneumothorax

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

They contribute to the resonance of the voice

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why supplemental oxygen is humidified before administration to patients?

Accepted Answer

To prevent dehydration of the respiratory mucosa

Question 16

Which of the following is a possible complication of swelling of the adenoids?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between respiratory mucosa and respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory mucosa lines the respiratory tract; respiratory membrane separates alveoli from capillaries

Question 18

Which of the following breathing patterns is defined as labored or difficult respirations?

Accepted Answer

Dyspnea

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the tonsils located in the pharynx?

Accepted Answer

They provide immune protection by trapping pathogens

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of airflow through the lower respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

The Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Conditions

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