Question 1

Which structure marks the point where the trachea branches into the two main bronchi and is extremely sensitive to foreign objects, often triggering violent coughing?

Accepted Answer

Carina

Question 2

What is the primary function of the ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells in the tracheal mucosa?

Accepted Answer

To trap and move debris and pathogens out of the airway

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the change in support structures as airways branch from bronchi to bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage rings become irregular plates and are eventually replaced by elastic fibers

Question 4

A patient inhales a small object that becomes lodged at the carina. What is the most likely immediate physiological response?

Accepted Answer

Violent coughing

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the right main (primary) bronchus compared to the left?

Accepted Answer

It is wider, shorter, and more vertical

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

A thin barrier consisting of alveolar and capillary walls with fused basement membranes

Question 7

During a severe asthma attack, which nervous system is primarily responsible for bronchoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the pleurae is correct?

Accepted Answer

The pleural fluid provides lubrication and surface tension, allowing lung expansion and recoil

Question 9

A blockage in a segmental (tertiary) bronchus would most directly affect which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A specific bronchopulmonary segment

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between atmospheric pressure ($$P_{atm}) $$and respiratory pressure ($$P_{resp}) $$when respiratory pressure is negative?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{resp} \u003c P_{atm}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the left lung is smaller than the right lung?

Accepted Answer

The cardiac notch accommodates the heart

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of alveolar macrophages?

Accepted Answer

They keep alveolar surfaces sterile by removing debris and pathogens

Question 13

A patient with a blockage in a pulmonary artery would most likely experience impaired:

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange in the affected lung region

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the change in epithelium as the conducting airways branch from bronchi to bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium transitions to cuboidal epithelium

Question 15

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the bronchial circulation compared to the pulmonary circulation?

Accepted Answer

It provides oxygenated blood to lung tissue and is a high-pressure, low-volume system

Question 16

During inspiration, which of the following occurs to allow air to flow into the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic cavity volume increases, causing intrapulmonary pressure to drop below atmospheric pressure

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the function of alveolar pores?

Accepted Answer

They provide alternate routes for air flow between adjacent alveoli in case of blockages

Question 18

A patient with damage to the trachealis muscle would have difficulty with which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

Forcefully expelling mucus during coughing

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the stroma in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It is elastic connective tissue that makes the lungs elastic and spongy

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the pressure at sea level?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{atm} = 760\ \mathrm{mmHg}$$

The Respiratory System: Part 2 AP 2nd year Lungs

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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