Q: Which equation best represents the plasma calcium concentration maintained by the skeletal system?

$$\text{Plasma Ca}^{2+} = 9-11\ \text{mg}/100\text{mL}$$

Q: Which equation represents the relationship between bone resorption and formation during bone remodeling?

$$\text{Bone mass} = \text{Bone formation} - \text{Bone resorption}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone tissue and function in bone resorption.

Question 2

A patient presents with bowed legs and pelvic deformities. Laboratory tests reveal a vitamin D deficiency. Which disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing osteoclast activity when blood calcium levels fall below normal?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

During bone growth in length, which zone of the epiphyseal plate is characterized by rapid cell division resembling stacked coins?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proliferating cartilage

Question 5

Which process describes the formation of bone directly from fibrous connective tissue membranes, such as in the flat bones of the skull?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 6

A 22-year-old athlete who has not menstruated for several months is at increased risk for which bone disorder due to decreased estrogen levels?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 7

Which equation best represents the plasma calcium concentration maintained by the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Plasma Ca}^{2+} = 9-11\ 	ext{mg}/100	ext{mL}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin in the pancreas

Question 9

What is the primary structural difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons, while spongy bone contains trabeculae.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why bone healing is faster than cartilage healing?

Accepted Answer

Bone has a rich blood supply, while cartilage lacks blood vessels.

Question 11

A patient with a fracture that does not break the skin is diagnosed with which type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

Closed fracture

Question 12

Which bone cell type is responsible for forming new bone matrix but cannot divide?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 13

Which of the following factors is most important for collagen formation during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 14

Which real-life scenario best illustrates the principle of bone remodeling in response to mechanical stress?

Accepted Answer

A bedridden patient experiences bone weakening due to lack of activity.

Question 15

Which equation represents the relationship between bone resorption and formation during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone mass} = 	ext{Bone formation} - 	ext{Bone resorption}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of decreased estrogen levels in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Rapid loss of calcium and other minerals from bone matrix

Question 17

Which step occurs first in the repair of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Formation of fracture hematoma

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of calcitonin on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits osteoclast activity and increases bone formation by osteoblasts

Question 19

Which bone cell type is found in the inner layer of the periosteum and endosteum and can divide to replace itself?

Accepted Answer

Osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cell

Question 20

Which of the following is a common cause of osteomalacia in adults?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue – Structure, Function, and Physiology

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