Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure shown in the first image (cross-section of a flat bone in the skull)?

Accepted Answer

A layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

Question 2

Which bone marking is defined as a 'sharp, slender, often pointed projection' and is commonly found on vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Spine

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone as an organ?

Accepted Answer

Hormone secretion

Question 4

Which of the following bone markings is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 5

Which cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix and releasing calcium into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 6

A patient presents with bowed legs and bone pain. Laboratory tests reveal low calcium and vitamin D. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the microscopic structure of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteons with concentric lamellae around a central canal

Question 8

Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are low, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the repair of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma forms → Fibrocartilage callus forms → Bony callus forms → Bone remodeling

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of spongy bone compared to compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Trabeculae with open spaces

Question 11

A long bone grows in length primarily due to activity at which structure?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 12

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Condyle – rounded articular projection

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the skull of a newborn has fontanels?

Accepted Answer

To allow for rapid brain growth and compression during birth

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the medullary cavity in adult long bones?

Accepted Answer

Contains yellow marrow, which stores fat

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of osteoporosis in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of vertebral compression fractures and kyphosis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and organized into osteons; spongy bone is composed of trabeculae with open spaces

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bone shape and example?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone – sternum

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of collagen fibers in bone?

Accepted Answer

They provide flexibility and tensile strength

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It is a fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the diaphysis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a greenstick fracture is more common in children than adults?

Accepted Answer

Children's bones are more flexible due to higher collagen content

The Skeletal System: Structure, Classification, and Bone Markings

Study Guide - Practice Questions