Q: Which equation best describes the relationship between the number of phalanges in the foot and the number of toes?

$$\text{Number of phalanges} = 3 \times \text{Number of toes} - 1$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of bone in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood pressure

Question 2

A forensic scientist is examining the metaphysis of a long bone to estimate the age of a skeleton. What would the epiphyseal plate be comprised of in an adolescent?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 3

If a person’s spongy bone were all replaced by compact bone, how would this affect their skeleton?

Accepted Answer

The skeleton would be stronger but also heavier.

Question 4

Which substances are stored in bones?

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides and Calcium

Question 5

Which structural feature of osteoclasts aids in their function of osteolysis?

Accepted Answer

Their ruffled border increases surface area between the osteoclasts and the matrix.

Question 6

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass and its components?

Accepted Answer

Bone mass = Inorganic matrix + Organic matrix

Question 7

If the hydroxyapatites were replaced with more typical gel-like extracellular matrix, how would you expect the bones to be affected?

Accepted Answer

The inorganic matrix would lack the hardness necessary for bones to bear weight.

Question 8

Which bone cell becomes more active when blood calcium levels drop below 8.6 mg/dL?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 9

Which pathway correctly identifies the relationship between bone cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoprogenitor \rightarrow osteoblast \rightarrow osteocyte

Question 10

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteon

Question 11

What would be one possible result if bone developed without canaliculi?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes could not receive nutrients or send signals as they would not be in contact with other cells.

Question 12

Which structure allows osteocytes to receive nutrients in spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Canaliculi

Question 13

Which bone structure is most closely associated with the perforating fibers?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 14

Which of the following bones is both classified as a facial bone and also contains a sinus?

Accepted Answer

Maxilla

Question 15

During CPR, the thoracic cavity can flex in and out without breaking bones. What is one reason that the thoracic cage is able to flex in this manner?

Accepted Answer

Flexible costal cartilage comprises a large portion of the anterior thoracic cage.

Question 16

Which joint type is primarily responsible for allowing growth in long bones during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Synchondroses

Question 17

Which of the following statements accurately describes weeping lubrication in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

Synovial fluid is squeezed out of articular cartilage during compression & reabsorbed during decompression.

Question 18

Which equation best describes the relationship between the number of phalanges in the foot and the number of toes?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of phalanges} = 3 	imes 	ext{Number of toes} - 1$$

The Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Anatomy

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