Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with a bone fracture that is slow to heal. Which bone cell type is most directly responsible for producing new bone matrix during the repair process?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Mostly collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 4

Which bone type is characterized by being small, round, and developing within tendons, such as the patella?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 5

A forensic anthropologist finds a bone with a prominent foramen. What is the most likely function of this bone marking?

Accepted Answer

Passageway for blood vessels or nerves

Question 6

Which of the following statements about compact bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Osteons are aligned parallel to the long axis of the shaft

Question 7

Which process describes the formation of bone from a cartilage model, as seen in the development of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity, increasing intestinal absorption, and decreasing renal excretion of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

A child with a vitamin D deficiency develops bowed legs due to poorly mineralized bones. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise increases bone strength?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical stress stimulates osteoblast activity, leading to increased bone deposition

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main mineral component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 12

Which bone cell type is derived from the same stem cells as monocytes and macrophages and is responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 13

A patient has a genetic disorder causing excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates, resulting in long, slender limbs. Which condition does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Marfan syndrome

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow for the exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases between osteocytes

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It contains an outer fibrous layer and an inner cellular layer

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the medullary cavity does not reduce the strength of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

The center of the bone is not subjected to significant compression or tension

Question 17

Which of the following vitamins is required for collagen synthesis and osteoblast differentiation, and its deficiency leads to scurvy?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between interstitial and appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth increases bone length, while appositional growth increases bone diameter

Question 19

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating osteoblasts to produce bone faster than the rate of epiphyseal cartilage expansion at puberty, leading to epiphyseal closure?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of heavy metal ions (such as lead or strontium) being present in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

They can be incorporated into the bone matrix and later released, causing health problems

CH 6: The Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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