Question 1

Which structure in the eye is responsible for bending light as it enters the eye and contains sodium pumps to maintain its clarity?

Accepted Answer

Cornea

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of peripheral vision and difficulty seeing in dim light. Which photoreceptor is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Rods

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the pigmented layer of the retina?

Accepted Answer

Absorbs light and prevents its scattering

Question 4

Which part of the ear is responsible for detecting rotational (angular) movements of the head?

Accepted Answer

Semicircular canals

Question 5

A child has an ear infection that spreads from the throat to the middle ear. Through which structure did the infection most likely travel?

Accepted Answer

Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the transmission of sound from the external environment to the inner ear?

Accepted Answer

Auricle → tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the cochlea?

Accepted Answer

Hearing

Question 8

A patient has a blood pH of 7.30 and a PCO2 of 50 mm Hg. Which acid-base disorder is present?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Question 9

Which equation describes the reversible equilibrium involved in respiratory regulation of blood pH?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightleftharpoons H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 10

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates Na+ reabsorption and water retention by kidneys

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the heart starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary trunk

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the protein buffer system in blood?

Accepted Answer

It can act as both a weak acid and a weak base

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the glomerulus in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

It is a tuft of capillaries specialized for filtration

Question 15

Which pressure is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries ($$HP_{gc})$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of bile salts in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Emulsify fats

Question 17

Which enzyme is responsible for the chemical breakdown of proteins in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorbs most of the water and nutrients

Question 19

Which structure in the female reproductive system is homologous to the male scrotum?

Accepted Answer

Labia majora

Question 20

During oogenesis, when does the secondary oocyte complete meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

After fertilization by a sperm cell

The Special Senses: Structure of the Eye and Ear

Study Guide - Practice Questions