Q: Which equation best represents the pathway of a simple spinal reflex, such as the knee-jerk reflex?

$$\text{Sensory receptor} \rightarrow \text{Sensory (afferent) neuron} \rightarrow \text{Interneuron} \rightarrow \text{Motor (efferent) neuron} \rightarrow \text{Effector organ}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the neurotransmitter release in the sympathetic nervous system?

$$\text{Preganglionic neuron: Acetylcholine} \rightarrow \text{Postganglionic neuron: Norepinephrine}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the neurotransmitter release in the parasympathetic nervous system?

$$\text{Preganglionic neuron: Acetylcholine} \rightarrow \text{Postganglionic neuron: Acetylcholine}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a major reflex center and a conduction pathway between the peripheral nervous system and the brain.

Question 2

Which structure is NOT part of the spinal cord itself?

Accepted Answer

Nerves

Question 3

A patient receives a spinal tap (lumbar puncture). From which space is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampled?

Accepted Answer

Subarachnoid space

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the location and function of the dorsal horn in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Located posteriorly; contains interneurons and axon terminals of sensory neurons

Question 5

Which equation best represents the pathway of a simple spinal reflex, such as the knee-jerk reflex?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Sensory receptor} ightarrow 	ext{Sensory (afferent) neuron} ightarrow 	ext{Interneuron} ightarrow 	ext{Motor (efferent) neuron} ightarrow 	ext{Effector organ}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the white matter of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

It is superficial to the gray matter and contains myelinated axons.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between the somatic motor and autonomic (visceral motor) nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor controls voluntary skeletal muscles; autonomic controls involuntary smooth and cardiac muscles.

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic neuron in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 9

During a 'fight or flight' response, which physiological change is LEAST likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased motility and secretions of the GI tract

Question 10

Which equation best represents the neurotransmitter release in the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Preganglionic neuron: Acetylcholine} ightarrow 	ext{Postganglionic neuron: Norepinephrine}$$

Question 11

Which structure is the largest sympathetic ganglion and releases hormones directly into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medulla

Question 12

Which equation best represents the neurotransmitter release in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Preganglionic neuron: Acetylcholine} ightarrow 	ext{Postganglionic neuron: Acetylcholine}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a feature of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Has long preganglionic axons and short postganglionic axons

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory storage

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ganglia in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They are clusters of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS.

Question 16

Which of the following sensory receptors is responsible for detecting pain?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptors

Question 17

Which equation best represents the classification of sensory pathways?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Afferent (sensory)} ightarrow 	ext{CNS}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the distribution of sensory receptors?

Accepted Answer

They are widely distributed throughout the body, including specialized sense organs.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between general and special senses?

Accepted Answer

General senses monitor the external environment, skin, body wall, and limbs; special senses are compact and specialized for chemoreception, hearing, vision, and equilibrium.

The Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Autonomic Divisions

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards