Question 1

Which anatomical region of the stomach is responsible for receiving the bolus from the esophagus when the gastroesophageal sphincter relaxes?

Accepted Answer

Cardia

Question 2

What is the primary function of the oblique layer of smooth muscle found in the stomach’s body?

Accepted Answer

To perform churning motions that pummel food into chyme

Question 3

Which cell type in the gastric glands secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 4

A patient with a deficiency in intrinsic factor is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which parietal cells secrete hydrogen ions into the stomach lumen?

Accepted Answer

Active transport using the H+/K+ ATPase pump

Question 6

During the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion, which neurotransmitter is released by the vagus nerve to stimulate parietal cells?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted by G cells in the stomach and stimulates acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 8

A patient presents with chronic heartburn and is diagnosed with GERD. Which of the following is NOT a typical contributing factor to GERD?

Accepted Answer

Decreased gastric motility

Question 9

Which drug class works by blocking histamine receptors on parietal cells, thereby reducing acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

H2 blockers

Question 10

What is the main physiological reason why the duodenum must receive chyme from the stomach in small amounts?

Accepted Answer

To allow for thorough mixing with bicarbonate and water, preventing mucosal damage and osmotic imbalance

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the positive feedback loop involving pepsin and gastrin during the gastric phase?

Accepted Answer

Acid activates pepsin, which digests proteins, stimulating more gastrin release and further acid secretion

Question 12

Which hormone is released by the duodenum to inhibit gastric acid secretion when chyme enters the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Secretin

Question 13

A patient is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor for GERD. What is the direct effect of this medication on gastric physiology?

Accepted Answer

It blocks the H+/K+ ATPase, reducing hydrogen ion secretion

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the rugae in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Allowing the stomach to expand considerably after eating

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of vomiting (emesis)?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation of stomach and small intestine smooth muscle, contraction of abdominal muscles and diaphragm, and relaxation of esophageal sphincters

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of tissue layers from the lumen outward in the stomach wall?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why antacids provide relief in GERD?

Accepted Answer

They neutralize stomach acid with alkaline substances

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of vagus nerve stimulation during the cephalic phase of gastric secretion?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of hydrogen ion release from parietal cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of somatostatin in gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits acid secretion when gastric pH becomes too low

Question 20

A patient with a hiatal hernia is at increased risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

The Stomach: Anatomy, Histology, and Functions 22.3

Study Guide - Practice Questions