$$\text{Urine} = \text{Filtrate} - \text{Reabsorbed} + \text{Secreted}$$

$$7.35 \leq \text{pH} \leq 7.45$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin to regulate blood glucose

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for the initial filtration of blood in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus

Question 3

A patient with kidney failure is likely to experience which of the following symptoms due to the inability to remove urea from the blood?

Accepted Answer

Uremia

Question 4

Which of the following substances is normally reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 5

What is the correct sequence for urine flow from its formation to the body exterior?

Accepted Answer

Collecting duct → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter → bladder → urethra → external urethral orifice

Question 6

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

If a person has glucose in their urine, which process in the nephron is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 8

Which anatomical layer of the kidney provides protection from infection?

Accepted Answer

Renal capsule

Question 9

Aldosterone primarily acts on which part of the nephron to increase sodium reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in urine formation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Urine} = 	ext{Filtrate} - 	ext{Reabsorbed} + 	ext{Secreted}$$

Question 11

Which structure is responsible for propelling urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

Accepted Answer

Ureters

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT normally found in urine?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 13

Which process in the nephron is described as moving substances from the blood into the renal tubule to be excreted as urine?

Accepted Answer

Secretion

Question 14

A patient with metabolic acidosis due to kidney failure is unable to regulate which ion effectively?

Accepted Answer

H+

Question 15

Which part of the nephron is most responsive to the action of ADH?

Accepted Answer

Collecting duct

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin produced by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Regulates red blood cell production

Question 17

Which equation represents the normal range for blood pH maintained by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

$$7.35 \leq 	ext{pH} \leq 7.45$$

Question 18

Which anatomical feature anchors the kidney in place within the body?

Accepted Answer

Renal fascia

Question 19

During periods of starvation, which process allows the kidneys to produce glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of excessive urination (polyuria) in a patient with kidney dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

The Urinary System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions