Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Maceration

Question 2

The urinary system primarily removes which metabolic waste from the body?

Accepted Answer

Urea

Question 3

The kidney is divided into an outer renal ________ and an inner renal ________.

Accepted Answer

Cortex; medulla

Question 4

A renal corpuscle consists of the ___________ and the ___________.

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the three distinct physiological processes carried out by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Auscultation

Question 6

Which structure is the site where vessels enter and exit the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Hilum

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the pathway of urine from the nephron to outside the body?

Accepted Answer

Glomerular capsule → Proximal convoluted tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal convoluted tubule → Collecting duct → Papillary duct → Minor calyx → Major calyx → Renal pelvis → Ureter → Bladder → Urethra

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = Glomerular\ hydrostatic\ pressure - Colloid\ osmotic\ pressure - Capsular\ hydrostatic\ pressure$$

Question 9

If plasma albumin levels decrease, which pressure is most affected and what is the likely effect on GFR?

Accepted Answer

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure decreases, GFR increases

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the effect of afferent arteriole constriction on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure decreases, GFR decreases

Question 11

Which of the following is a consequence of hyperfiltration (GFR too high)?

Accepted Answer

Substances are not adequately reabsorbed

Question 12

Which of the following is true of hypofiltration?

Accepted Answer

GFR is abnormally low

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Production of bile

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

Cortical nephrons are near the outer cortex with a short loop of Henle; juxtamedullary nephrons are near the cortex-medulla border with a long loop of Henle

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery → Interlobar artery → Arcuate artery → Cortical radiate artery → Afferent arteriole → Glomerular capillaries → Efferent arteriole → Peritubular capillaries → Cortical radiate vein → Arcuate vein → Interlobar vein → Renal vein

Question 16

Which hormone system is primarily responsible for regulating GFR in response to decreased blood volume and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 17

A patient with abnormally low GFR is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Retention of waste products due to excessive reabsorption

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between net filtration pressure (NFP) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

As NFP increases, GFR increases

Question 19

Which of the following is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Nephron

The Urinary System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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