Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of simple squamous epithelium, and where is it most likely to be found?

Accepted Answer

Passage of materials by diffusion and filtration; air sacs of the lungs

Question 2

A tissue sample shows a single layer of tall, rectangular cells with nuclei aligned near the base and numerous microvilli on the apical surface. Which tissue is this, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Simple columnar epithelium; absorption and secretion

Question 3

Which type of cell junction forms an impermeable barrier, preventing molecules from passing between adjacent epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 4

A patient has a genetic defect affecting the protein cadherin. Which cell junction is most likely to be compromised, and what is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Desmosome; increased tissue fragility

Question 5

Which of the following statements about connective tissue is correct?

Accepted Answer

All connective tissues arise from mesenchyme in the embryo.

Question 6

Which apical surface feature is specialized for maximizing absorption in the small intestine, and what cytoskeletal element supports it?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli; actin filaments

Question 7

A gland that releases its product into the bloodstream without using ducts is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Endocrine gland

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why epithelial tissues are avascular but can still receive nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients diffuse from underlying connective tissue.

Question 9

A tissue sample from the urinary bladder shows dome-shaped surface cells that flatten when the bladder is full. What type of epithelium is this, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Transitional epithelium; permits distension

Question 10

Which connective tissue fiber type is primarily responsible for resisting tension and providing tensile strength?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 11

A researcher observes a tissue with multiple layers of cells, with the surface cells being flat and dead, filled with keratin. Where is this tissue most likely found, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis of the skin; protection from abrasion and dehydration

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between simple and stratified epithelia?

Accepted Answer

Simple epithelia consist of a single cell layer, while stratified have multiple layers.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Allowing ions and small molecules to pass for coordinated contraction

Question 14

A biopsy from a gland shows ducts carrying secretions to the epithelial surface. This gland is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Exocrine

Question 15

Which of the following connective tissue cells is responsible for producing the extracellular matrix in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Chondroblast

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the lining of the esophagus is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It provides protection against abrasion from food.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the composition of ground substance in most connective tissues?

Accepted Answer

A gel-like substance with proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans

Question 19

A tissue sample from the trachea shows a single layer of cells of varying heights, with nuclei at different levels and cilia on the apical surface. What is the most likely tissue type and its function?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; propulsion of mucus

Tissues: Structure, Classification, and Function in the Human Body

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