Question 1

A patient presents with increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Laboratory results show a fasting blood glucose (FBS) of 145 mg/dL. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology behind these findings in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency impair glucose uptake by cells.

Question 2

Which of the following individuals is at the highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A 50-year-old office worker who sits at the computer

Question 3

Acanthosis nigricans, as shown in the images, is a clinical marker for which underlying condition in children with type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Insulin resistance

Question 4

Which diagnostic test is most commonly used to screen for gestational diabetes during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

Question 5

A patient with type 2 diabetes is admitted with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). Which of the following is a key component of initial management?

Accepted Answer

Aggressive intravenous fluid replacement and insulin therapy

Question 6

Which of the following statements about exercise and type 2 diabetes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity and helps control blood glucose.

Question 7

A 15-year-old adolescent weighing 113 kg (250 lb) is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which statement by the nurse best explains the use of oral medications in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Overweight teenagers may develop type 2 diabetes, which can be treated with an oral medication. You may or may not need insulin in the future.

Question 8

Which of the following is a recommended prevention strategy for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) in patients with type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Monitor for signs of infection and treat infection early

Question 9

A nurse is caring for a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patient who is concerned about giving themselves injections. What is the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes can usually be managed with pills, diet, and exercise.

Question 10

Which of the following findings is most consistent with type 2 diabetes mellitus during a physical assessment?

Accepted Answer

Acanthosis nigricans

Question 11

A pregnant woman with a BMI of 32 is seeking advice on appropriate weight gain during pregnancy. According to the Institute of Medicine guidelines, how much weight should she gain?

Accepted Answer

11-20 lbs

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Genetic predisposition combined with environmental factors such as obesity and physical inactivity

Question 13

Which laboratory test is most appropriate for diagnosing impaired fasting glucose in a patient suspected of having type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Fasting blood glucose (FBS)

Question 14

Which of the following is a common complication of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)

Question 15

A 70-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes is taking multiple medications for various chronic conditions. What is the primary concern for this patient?

Accepted Answer

Polypharmacy and risk of drug interactions

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the interprofessional team in the management of type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

The team collaborates to maintain blood glucose at near-normal levels through medication, lifestyle changes, and patient education.

Question 17

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for culturally competent nursing care in patients with type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Incorporate the patient’s cultural beliefs and practices into the care plan.

Question 18

A patient with type 2 diabetes is experiencing frequent infections. What is the most likely explanation for this increased susceptibility?

Accepted Answer

Chronic hyperglycemia impairs immune function.

Question 19

Which of the following is a primary goal in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Maintain blood glucose within target range to prevent complications.

Question 20

A patient with type 2 diabetes asks about the benefits of metabolic surgery. Which of the following is a correct response?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic surgery can improve glycemic control in some patients with type 2 diabetes, especially those with obesity.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Collaborative Care

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