Question 1

Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 2

A patient presents with low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response, and from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Promotes water retention by the kidneys

Question 4

A histological slide shows large, spherical follicles filled with colloid and surrounded by follicle cells. Which gland is this?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 5

Which hormone is released in response to decreased light and helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 6

Which region of the adrenal gland is responsible for producing mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Question 7

A patient with a tumor in the adrenal medulla would most likely have elevated levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback loop for blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose stimulates insulin release, lowering glucose

Question 9

Which cell type in the pancreas is responsible for secreting insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells

Question 10

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of T cells in the thymus?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin

Question 11

A patient is unable to retain water and produces large volumes of dilute urine. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 13

Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

It produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary

Question 15

Which structure in the adrenal gland is responsible for producing glucocorticoids such as cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Zona fasciculata

Question 16

A patient with an overactive parathyroid gland would most likely have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood calcium levels

Question 17

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is involved in milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of hormone and its primary target tissue?

Accepted Answer

FSH – Ovaries

Question 20

A histological section shows clusters of cells (islets) surrounded by darker-staining acinar cells. Which organ is this, and what is the function of the islet cells?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas; islet cells secrete hormones such as insulin and glucagon

Unit 16: The Endocrine System – Structure, Function, and Histology

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