Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 2

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 3

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Which of the following correctly lists its two main parts?

Accepted Answer

Renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 4

Which of the following substances is almost completely reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = GBHP - CHP - BCOP$$

Question 6

A patient is given a drug that constricts the afferent arteriole of the nephron. What is the most likely effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

GFR will decrease

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

Increases water permeability, leading to concentrated urine

Question 8

Which structure is responsible for producing the initial filtrate in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Renal corpuscle

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

The descending limb reabsorbs water, while the ascending limb reabsorbs ions

Question 10

A patient with high blood pressure is prescribed a diuretic. Which of the following best explains how diuretics lower blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

They decrease reabsorption of water in the nephron

Question 11

Which hormone is released by the heart in response to increased blood pressure and acts to decrease sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

Cortical nephrons have short loops of Henle and produce dilute urine

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a barrier to filtration in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle layer

Question 14

If a person is severely dehydrated, which hormone will be released in greater amounts to conserve water?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot survive by drinking seawater?

Accepted Answer

Human kidneys cannot excrete urine with a higher salt concentration than seawater

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of filtrate through the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Bowman’s capsule → Proximal convoluted tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal convoluted tubule

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

It decreases GFR by constricting renal blood vessels

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of glomerular filtration rate via tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 19

A patient with a mutation that decreases the number of Na+/K+/2Cl- symporters in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle would most likely have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Inability to concentrate urine

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the kidneys are considered retroperitoneal organs?

Accepted Answer

They are located behind the peritoneum

Urinary System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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